Behind the Walls of S-21: Oral Histories from Tuol Sleng Prison- Survivor Bou Meng

After five years of waging civil war, Cambodian communist forces known as the Khmer Rouge marched into Phnom Penh on April 17, 1975. They immediately began forcibly evacuating the residents of the capital and other cities, displacing more than two million people to the countryside. The city dwellers joined rural Cambodians in an ill-fated attempt to turn the country back to "year zero" and establish a peasant led agrarian society. Most of the population was forced to work 14 or more hours a day, building dikes and canals, and growing rice and other crops. The Khmer Rouge also abolished schools, money, private property, courts of law, markets, businesses, the practice of religion, and nearly all personal freedoms. Over the next nearly four years, as many as one of every four Cambodians died from malnutrition, hard labor, or disease. At least another 200,000 were executed without trial. Vietnamese troops and the forces of the United Front for the National Salvation of Kampuchea invaded Cambodia on Christmas Day 1978. Encountering only a fleeting Khmer Rouge military and a weakened population, they moved quickly through the country and reached Phnom Penh on January 7, 1979. By late afternoon they occupied the city, which was empty save for a few hundred prisoners of war and people in hiding waiting to escape. The next day, two Vietnamese officials who accompanied the invasion were drawn to the stench from a compound in the southern part of the city. There, they discovered the most important of the Khmer Rouge prisons, the former Tuol Sleng High School, which was known to the Khmer Rouge by the code name S-21. Tuol Sleng was used to detain people the Khmer Rouge considered to be enemies of the state, including members of their own ranks. Of the estimated 14,000 men, women, and children held there,only about a dozen are known to have survived. Two men who were imprisoned at Tuol Sleng, Bou Meng and Chum Mei, and a former guard, Him Huy, were interviewed for this film in 2006, more than 25 years after the tragedy of Democratic Kampuchea. (Back cover)